Experimental demonstration of spontaneous symmetry breaking with emergent multi-qubit entanglement

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12567v2
• Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2024 01:16:25 GMT
• Title: Experimental demonstration of spontaneous symmetry breaking with emergent multi-qubit entanglement
• Authors: Ri-Hua Zheng, Wen Ning, Jia-Hao Lü, Xue-Jia Yu, Fang Wu, Cheng-Lin Deng, Zhen-Biao Yang, Kai Xu, Dongning Zheng, Heng Fan, Shi-Biao Zheng,
• Abstract summary: Spontaneous symmetry breaking ( SSB) is crucial to the occurrence of phase transitions. We present an experimental demonstration of the SSB process in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. The observed nonclassical correlations among these qubits in the symmetry-breaking region go beyond the conventional description of SSB.
• Score: 10.791982177923412
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is crucial to the occurrence of phase transitions. Once a phase transition occurs, a quantum system presents degenerate eigenstates that lack the symmetry of the Hamiltonian. After crossing the critical point, the system is essentially evolved to a quantum superposition of these eigenstates until decoherence sets in. Despite the fundamental importance and potential applications in quantum technologies, such quantum-mechanical SSB phenomena have not been experimentally explored in many-body systems. We here present an experimental demonstration of the SSB process in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, governed by the competition between the individual driving and intra-qubit interaction. The model is realized in a circuit quantum electrodynamics system, where 6 Xmon qubits are coupled in an all-to-all manner through virtual photon exchange mediated by a resonator. The observed nonclassical correlations among these qubits in the symmetry-breaking region go beyond the conventional description of SSB, shedding new light on phase transitions for quantum many-body systems.

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