Related papers: $^{229}\mathrm{ThF}_4$ thin films for solid-state nuclear clocks

$^{229}\mathrm{ThF}_4$ thin films for solid-state nuclear clocks

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01753v1
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2024 17:03:06 GMT
Title: $^{229}\mathrm{ThF}_4$ thin films for solid-state nuclear clocks
Authors: Chuankun Zhang, Lars von der Wense, Jack F. Doyle, Jacob S. Higgins, Tian Ooi, Hans U. Friebel, Jun Ye, R. Elwell, J. E. S. Terhune, H. W. T. Morgan, A. N. Alexandrova, H. B. Tran Tan, Andrei Derevianko, Eric R. Hudson,
Abstract summary: Nuclear clocks based on the vacuum ultraviolet $229$Th nuclear isomeric transition are expected to be more robust than current optical atomic clocks. The growth and handling of high-concentration $229$Th-doped crystals are challenging due to the scarcity and radioactivity of the $229$Th material. Here, we demonstrate a potentially scalable solution by demonstrating laser excitation of the nuclear transition in $229$ThF$_4$ thin films grown with a physical vapor deposition process.
Score: 0.7647724933565789
License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Abstract: After nearly fifty years of searching, the vacuum ultraviolet $^{229}$Th nuclear isomeric transition has recently been directly laser excited [1,2] and measured with high spectroscopic precision [3]. Nuclear clocks based on this transition are expected to be more robust [4,5] than and may outperform [6,7] current optical atomic clocks. They also promise sensitive tests for new physics beyond the standard model [5,8,9]. In light of these important advances and applications, a dramatic increase in the need for $^{229}$Th spectroscopy targets in a variety of platforms is anticipated. However, the growth and handling of high-concentration $^{229}$Th-doped crystals [5] used in previous measurements [1-3,10] are challenging due to the scarcity and radioactivity of the $^{229}$Th material. Here, we demonstrate a potentially scalable solution to these problems by demonstrating laser excitation of the nuclear transition in $^{229}$ThF$_4$ thin films grown with a physical vapor deposition process, consuming only micrograms of $^{229}$Th material. The $^{229}$ThF$_4$ thin films are intrinsically compatible with photonics platforms and nanofabrication tools for integration with laser sources and detectors, paving the way for an integrated and field-deployable solid-state nuclear clock with radioactivity up to three orders of magnitude smaller than typical \thor-doped crystals [1-3,10]. The high nuclear emitter density in $^{229}$ThF$_4$ also potentially enables quantum optics studies in a new regime. Finally, we describe the operation and present the estimation of the performance of a nuclear clock based on a defect-free ThF$_4$ crystal.

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