Physical aspects of symmetry breaking in an ideal Bose gas at thermal equilibrium

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.10893v2
• Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2025 08:59:38 GMT
• Title: Physical aspects of symmetry breaking in an ideal Bose gas at thermal equilibrium
• Authors: Alexej Schelle,
• Abstract summary: It is possible to explain certain new fundamental symmetry aspects of ideal and very weakly interacting Bose gases. The propagation of one-directional time arises from the pre-defined and equivalent convergence of independent quantum fields. It is shown that Glauber coherent states are related to the definition of the quantized field.
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• Abstract: The theory of ideal gases is supplemented by a numerical quantum field description with a two-dimensional non-local order parameter that allows the modeling of wave-like atomic correlations and interference effects in the limit of low atomic densities. From the present model, it is possible to explain certain new fundamental symmetry aspects of ideal and very weakly interacting Bose gases, like the forward propagation of time and the relation to the breaking and preservation of phase gauge symmetry in solids. In the present formalism, the propagation of one-directional time arises from the pre-defined and equivalent convergence of independent quantum fields towards the Boltzmann equilibrium, and it is shown that Glauber coherent states are related to the definition of the quantized field. Coherently coupling condensate and non-condensate parts as a direct consequence of the increasing quantum coherence time between the different quantum field components in the Bose gas from cooling to below the critical temperature, the present model describes symmetry breaking, which is originally known from the definition of a specific gauge field from Elitzur's theorem for local gauge fields, as a global physical rather than a purely formal mathematical process.

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