Optimizing Multi-level Magic State Factories for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Architectures

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04270v1
• Date: Wed, 06 Nov 2024 21:25:34 GMT
• Title: Optimizing Multi-level Magic State Factories for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Architectures
• Authors: Allyson Silva, Artur Scherer, Zak Webb, Abdullah Khalid, Bohdan Kulchytskyy, Mia Kramer, Kevin Nguyen, Xiangzhou Kong, Gebremedhin A. Dagnew, Yumeng Wang, Huy Anh Nguyen, Katiemarie Olfert, Pooya Ronagh,
• Abstract summary: We consider a concept architecture comprising a dedicated zone as a multi-level magic state factory and a core processor for efficient logical operations. We show that, in the proposed architecture, $105$--$108$ physical qubits are required for quantum algorithms with $T$--$1015$ and logical qubit counts in the range $102$--$104$, when run on quantum computers with quantum memory.
• Score: 0.8642846017977626
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We propose a novel technique for optimizing a modular fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture, taking into account any desired space-time trade--offs between the number of physical qubits and the fault-tolerant execution time of a quantum algorithm. We consider a concept architecture comprising a dedicated zone as a multi-level magic state factory and a core processor for efficient logical operations, forming a supply chain network for production and consumption of magic states. Using a heuristic algorithm, we solve the multi-objective optimization problem of minimizing space and time subject to a user-defined error budget for the success of the computation, taking the performance of various fault-tolerant protocols such as quantum memory, state preparation, magic state distillation, code growth, and logical operations into account. As an application, we show that physical quantum resource estimation reduces to a simple model involving a small number of key parameters, namely, the circuit volume, the error prefactors ($\mu$) and error suppression rates ($\Lambda$) of the fault-tolerant protocols, and an allowed slowdown factor ($\beta$). We show that, in the proposed architecture, $10^5$--$10^8$ physical qubits are required for quantum algorithms with $T$-counts in the range $10^6$--$10^{15}$ and logical qubit counts in the range $10^2$--$10^4$, when run on quantum computers with quantum memory $\Lambda$ in the range 3--10, for all slowdown factors $\beta \geq 0.2$.

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