How to Entangle or Disentangle Gaussian States with Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06570v1
• Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 15:39:04 GMT
• Title: How to Entangle or Disentangle Gaussian States with Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference
• Authors: Fabian Schlue, Patrick Folge, Takefumi Nomura, Philip Held, Federico Pegoraro, Michael Stefszky, Benjamin Brecht, Stephen M. Barnett, Christine Silberhorn,
• Abstract summary: interference of two indistinguishable photons from a photon pair on a balanced beam splitter. We show that the notion of inseparability is a result of post-selection on the presence of photons.
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• Abstract: The interference of two indistinguishable photons from a photon pair on a balanced beam splitter, where each photon enters in one of the input ports, yields a maximally entangled N00N-state shared between the outputs of the beam splitter through Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. At the same time, interference between the two modes of a two-mode squeezed state - the generalized output of a parametric photon-pair source - yields two independent, hence separable, single-mode squeezed states. Notably, both experiments use the exact same experimental setup. We resolve this seeming contradiction by measuring photon-number resolved quantum interference of the two modes of a two-mode squeezed state from an engineered parametric down-conversion source and show that the notion of inseparability is a result of post-selection on the presence of photons. Indeed, the complete joint photon statistics including the vacuum component are separable, as expected from textbook calculations.

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