Large Language Models Struggle to Describe the Haystack without Human Help: Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of LLMs

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14748v1
• Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2025 17:19:41 GMT
• Title: Large Language Models Struggle to Describe the Haystack without Human Help: Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of LLMs
• Authors: Zongxia Li, Lorena Calvo-Bartolomé, Alexander Hoyle, Paiheng Xu, Alden Dima, Juan Francisco Fung, Jordan Boyd-Graber,
• Abstract summary: This study measures the knowledge users acquire with unsupervised, supervised Large Language Models. We show that LLMs struggle to describe the haystack of large corpora without human help, particularly domain-specific data.
• Score: 41.08246070544371
• License:
• Abstract: A common use of NLP is to facilitate the understanding of large document collections, with a shift from using traditional topic models to Large Language Models. Yet the effectiveness of using LLM for large corpus understanding in real-world applications remains under-explored. This study measures the knowledge users acquire with unsupervised, supervised LLM-based exploratory approaches or traditional topic models on two datasets. While LLM-based methods generate more human-readable topics and show higher average win probabilities than traditional models for data exploration, they produce overly generic topics for domain-specific datasets that do not easily allow users to learn much about the documents. Adding human supervision to the LLM generation process improves data exploration by mitigating hallucination and over-genericity but requires greater human effort. In contrast, traditional. models like Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) remain effective for exploration but are less user-friendly. We show that LLMs struggle to describe the haystack of large corpora without human help, particularly domain-specific data, and face scaling and hallucination limitations due to context length constraints. Dataset available at https://huggingface. co/datasets/zli12321/Bills.

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