Thermal Entanglement in Disordered Spin Chains: Localization, Thresholds, and the Quantum-to-Classical Crossover

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19464v1
• Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 18:57:38 GMT
• Title: Thermal Entanglement in Disordered Spin Chains: Localization, Thresholds, and the Quantum-to-Classical Crossover
• Authors: Dihang Sun, Zhigang Hu, Biao Wu,
• Abstract summary: We show that mixed-state entanglement is profoundly shaped by both disorder and temperature.<n>This work advances the understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition by linking the entanglement properties of small subsystems to the broader thermal environment.
• Score: 1.1190363163871757
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium. By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and extending this analysis to larger spin chains, we demonstrate that mixed-state entanglement is profoundly shaped by both disorder and temperature. Our results reveal a sharp distinction between many-body localized (MBL) and ergodic phases, with entanglement vanishing above different finite temperature thresholds. Furthermore, by analyzing non-adjacent spins, we uncover an approximate exponential decay of entanglement with separation. This work advances the understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition by linking the entanglement properties of small subsystems to the broader thermal environment, offering a explanation for the absence of entanglement in macroscopic systems. These findings provide critical insights into quantum many-body physics, bridging concepts from thermalization, localization, and quantum information theory.

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