Real-Time Monitoring of Multimode Squeezing

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.07486v3
• Date: Wed, 08 Oct 2025 09:28:05 GMT
• Title: Real-Time Monitoring of Multimode Squeezing
• Authors: Mahmoud Kalash, Aditya Sudharsanam, M. H. M. Passos, Valentina Parigi, Maria Chekhova,
• Abstract summary: Multimode squeezed light is a key resource for high-dimensional quantum technologies.<n>Here, we demonstrate for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the real-time monitoring of multimode squeezing.<n>We observe high-purity squeezing of up to $-7.9 pm 0.6$ dB -- to the best of our knowledge, the highest squeezing recorded for pulsed light.
• Score: 0.43496401697112685
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Multimode squeezed light is a key resource for high-dimensional quantum technologies, enhancing metrological sensitivity, boosting communication security, and enabling parallel processing in computation. Its practical potential, however, remains constrained by the inherent single-mode operation of homodyne detection, necessitating post-processing for multimode characterization. Here, we overcome this long-standing challenge by employing multimode optical parametric amplification (MOPA), enabling loss-tolerant direct detection of squeezing in each mode, which in turn permits mode sorting after amplification. As a result, we demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the real-time monitoring of multimode squeezing. With a spatial light modulator sorting the modes, we simultaneously measure squeezing in nine spatial modes co-propagating within one beam. Although mode sorting and filtering reduce the detection efficiency to less than $0.3\%$, we observe high-purity squeezing of up to $-7.9 \pm 0.6$ dB -- to the best of our knowledge, the highest squeezing recorded for pulsed light. Furthermore, we demonstrate real-time, loss-tolerant characterization of continuous-variable entanglement and extend it to the detection of cluster states. Similar methods can be applied in the frequency domain, facilitating a crucial capability for scalable quantum technologies.

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