Direct energy dissipation measurements for a driven superfluid via the harmonic-potential theorem

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15626v1
• Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 14:51:19 GMT
• Title: Direct energy dissipation measurements for a driven superfluid via the harmonic-potential theorem
• Authors: Clara Tanghe, Senne Van Wellen, Kobe Vergaerde, Karel Van Acoleyen,
• Abstract summary: We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to directly measure energy dissipation for a linearly driven superfluid confined in a harmonic trap.<n>The method relies on a perturbed version of the harmonic-potential theorem, according to which a potential perturbation converts center-of-mass motional energy into internal energy.<n>We observe dissipation curves characteristic of superfluid flow, including a critical velocity that depends on the stirrer strength.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to directly measure energy dissipation for a linearly driven superfluid confined in a harmonic trap. The method relies on a perturbed version of the harmonic-potential theorem, according to which a potential perturbation - effectively acting as a stirrer - converts center-of-mass motional energy into internal energy. Energy conservation then enables a direct, quantitative determination of the dissipated energy from measurements of the macroscopic center-of-mass observables. Applying this method to a perturbed, driven Bose-Einstein condensate, we observe dissipation curves characteristic of superfluid flow, including a critical velocity that depends on the stirrer strength, consistent with previous studies. Our results are supported by mean-field simulations, which corroborate both the theoretical framework and the experimental findings.

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