On Quantum Computation Using Bias-Preserving Gates

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07532v2
• Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2025 09:52:40 GMT
• Title: On Quantum Computation Using Bias-Preserving Gates
• Abstract summary: It is useful to ensure that computations use only gates that maintain the Z-bias (or X-bias) in the noise.<n>We show that any Z-bias-preserving gate can be approximated arbitrarily well using only gates from the set X,R_z(theta),CNOT,CCNOT.
• Score: 7.034739490820969
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Certain types of quantum computing platforms, such as those realized using Rydberg atoms or Kerr-cat qubits, are natively more susceptible to Pauli-Z noise than Pauli-X noise, or vice versa. On such hardware, it is useful to ensure that computations use only gates that maintain the Z-bias (or X-bias) in the noise. This is so that quantum error-correcting codes tailored for biased-noise models can be used to provide fault-tolerance on these platforms. In this paper, we follow up on the recent work of Fellous-Asiani et al. (npj Quantum Inf., 2025) in studying the structure and properties of bias-preserving gates. Our main contributions are threefold: (1) We give a novel characterization of Z-bias-preserving gates based on their decomposition as a linear combination of Pauli operators. (2) We show that any Z-bias-preserving gate can be approximated arbitrarily well using only gates from the set {X,R_z(\theta),CNOT,CCNOT}, where \theta is any irrational multiple of 2\pi. (3) We prove, by drawing a connection with coherence resource theory, that any Z-bias-preserving logical operator acting on the logical qubits of a Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) code can be realized by applying Z-bias-preserving gates on the physical qubits. Along the way, we also demonstrate that Z-bias-preserving gates are far from being universal for quantum computation.

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