Universal Random Matrix Behavior of a Fermionic Quantum Gas

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25735v1
• Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 17:40:26 GMT
• Title: Universal Random Matrix Behavior of a Fermionic Quantum Gas
• Authors: Maxime Dixmerias, Giuseppe Del Vecchio Del Vecchio, Cyprien Daix, Joris Verstraten, Tim de Jongh, Bruno Peaudecerf, Pierre Le Doussal, Grégory Schehr, Tarik Yefsah,
• Abstract summary: We probe at the single-atom level ultracold atomic Fermi gases made of two interacting spin states.<n>Our results constitute the first experimental validation of the Fermi-sphere point process through the lens of Random Matrix Theory.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The pursuit of universal governing principles is a foundational endeavor in physics, driving breakthroughs from thermodynamics to general relativity and quantum mechanics. In 1951, Wigner introduced the concept of a statistical description of energy levels of heavy atoms, which led to the rise of Random Matrix Theory (RMT) in physics. The theory successfully captured spectral properties across a wide range of atomic systems, circumventing the complexities of quantum many-body interactions. Rooted in the fundamental principles of stochasticity and symmetry, RMT has since found applications and revealed universal laws in diverse physical contexts, from quantum field theory to disordered systems and wireless communications. A particularly compelling application arises in describing the mathematical structure of the many-body wavefunction of non-interacting Fermi gases, which underpins a complex spatial organization driven by Pauli's exclusion principle. However, experimental validation of the counting statistics predicted in such systems has remained elusive. Here, we probe at the single-atom level ultracold atomic Fermi gases made of two interacting spin states, obtaining direct access to their counting statistics in situ. Our measurements show that, while the system is strongly attractive, each spin-component is extremely well described by RMT predictions based on Fredholm determinants. Our results constitutes the first experimental validation of the Fermi-sphere point process through the lens of RMT, and establishes its relevance for strongly-interacting systems.

Related papers

• Universal Entanglement Growth along Imaginary Time in Quantum Critical Systems [3.848481893131956]
  We investigate the entanglement dynamics of fermionic systems along the imaginary-time evolution.<n>Through unbiased Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we verify this scaling in the interacting Gross-eu-Yukawa model.<n>This work establishes a direct link between the fundamental theory of non-equilibrium critical phenomena and the high-precision determination of universal entanglement properties.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-12-29T10:43:01Z)
• Multi-Photon Quantum Rabi Models with Center-of-Mass Motion [45.73541813564926]
  We introduce a rigorous, second-quantized framework for describing multi-$Lambda$-atoms in a cavity.<n>A key feature of our approach is the systematic application of a Hamiltonian averaging theory to the atomic field operators.<n>A significant finding is the emergence of a particle-particle interaction mediated by ancillary states.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-07-07T09:50:48Z)
• Fermionic Magic Resources of Quantum Many-Body Systems [0.0]
  We develop a framework for quantifying fermionic magic resources, also referred to as fermionic non-Gaussianity.<n>FAF is an efficiently computable and experimentally accessible measure of non-Gaussianity.<n>We show that FAF detects phase transitions, reveals universal features of critical points, and uncovers special solvable points in many-body systems.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-05-30T18:00:01Z)
• Nuclear responses with neural-network quantum states [37.902436796793616]
  We introduce a variational Monte Carlo framework that combines neural-network quantum states with the Lorentz integral transform technique.<n>We focus on the photoabsorption cross section of light nuclei, where benchmarks against numerically exact techniques are available.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-04-28T18:57:21Z)
• A Theory of Quantum Jumps [44.99833362998488]
  We study fluorescence and the phenomenon of quantum jumps'' in idealized models of atoms coupled to the quantized electromagnetic field. Our results amount to a derivation of the fundamental randomness in the quantum-mechanical description of microscopic systems.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-04-16T11:00:46Z)
• Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain [105.07522062418397]
  In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we study the probability distribution, $P(mathcalM)$, of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center. The first two moments of $P(mathcalM)$ show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ. The third and fourth moments rule out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-06-15T17:58:48Z)
• Second Response Theory: A Theoretical Formalism for the Propagation of Quantum Superpositions [0.0]
  We expand a previously developed size-extensive formalism within coupled cluster theory, called second response theory, so it propagates quantum systems. Our theory shows strong consistency with numerically exact results for the determination of quantum mechanical observables, probabilities, and coherences.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-06-13T17:33:22Z)
• Universality of critical dynamics with finite entanglement [68.8204255655161]
  We study how low-energy dynamics of quantum systems near criticality are modified by finite entanglement. Our result establishes the precise role played by entanglement in time-dependent critical phenomena.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-01-23T19:23:54Z)
• Experimental quantum simulation of superradiant phase transition beyond no-go theorem via antisqueezing [10.91698767634016]
  Superradiant phase transition (SPT) in thermal equilibrium can offer the key resources for quantum information science. equilibrium SPT has never been observed in experiments since the first proposal in the 1970s. We experimentally demonstrate the occurrence of equilibrium SPT beyond no-go theorem by introducing the antisqueezing effect.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-02-14T03:01:02Z)
• Experimental Validation of Fully Quantum Fluctuation Theorems Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks [48.7576911714538]
  Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems. We experimentally verify detailed and integral fully quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange using two quantum-correlated thermal spins-1/2 in a nuclear magnetic resonance setup.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-12-11T12:55:17Z)
• Extremal quantum states [0.41998444721319206]
  We peruse quantumness from a variety of viewpoints, concentrating on phase-space formulations. The symmetry-transcending properties of the Husimi $Q$ function make it our basic tool. We use these quantities to formulate extremal principles and determine in this way which states are the most and least "quantum"
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-10-09T18:00:02Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.