33 Gbit/s source-device-independent quantum random number generator based on heterodyne detection with real-time FPGA-integrated extraction

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07319v1
• Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2025 09:03:42 GMT
• Title: 33 Gbit/s source-device-independent quantum random number generator based on heterodyne detection with real-time FPGA-integrated extraction
• Authors: Marius Cizauskas, Hamid Tebyanian, Mark Fox, Manfred Bayer, Marc Assmann, Alex Greilich,
• Abstract summary: High-speed continuous-variable quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on heterodyne detection of vacuum fluctuations.<n>System achieves sustained generation rate of $R_rm net= 33.92mathrmGbit/s$ of uniformly distributed random bits.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We present a high-speed continuous-variable quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on heterodyne detection of vacuum fluctuations. The scheme follows a source-device-independent (SDI) security model in which the entropy originates from quantum measurement uncertainty and no model of the source is required; security depends only on the trusted measurement device and the calibrated discretization, and thus remains valid even under adversarial state preparation. The optical field is split by a 90$^\circ$ optical hybrid and measured by two balanced photodiodes to obtain both quadratures of the vacuum state simultaneously. The analog outputs are digitized using a dual-channel 12-bit analog-to-digital converter operating at a sampling rate of 3.2 GS/s per channel, and processed in real time by an FPGA implementing Toeplitz hashing for randomness extraction. The quantum-to-classical noise ratio was verified through calibrated power spectral density measurements and cross-checked in the time domain, confirming vacuum-noise dominance within the 1.6 GHz detection bandwidth. After extraction, the system achieves a sustained generation rate of $R_{\rm net}= 33.92~\mathrm{Gbit/s}$ of uniformly distributed random bits, which pass all NIST and Dieharder statistical tests. The demonstrated platform provides a compact, FPGA-based realization of a practical heterodyne continuous-variable source-independent QRNG suitable for high-rate quantum communication and secure key distribution systems.

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