Binarisation-loophole-free observation of high-dimensional quantum nonlocality

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02350v1
• Date: Mon, 05 Jan 2026 18:48:49 GMT
• Title: Binarisation-loophole-free observation of high-dimensional quantum nonlocality
• Authors: Jia-le Miao, Elna Svegborn, Zhuo Chen, Yu Guo, Xiao-Min Hu, Yun-Feng Huang, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo, Armin Tavakoli, Bi-Heng Liu,
• Abstract summary: Bell inequality tests based on high-dimensional entanglement usually require measurements that can resolve multiple possible outcomes.<n>This reduction of multi-outcome measurements to binary-outcome measurements opens a loophole in high-dimensional tests.<n>Here, we close this loophole by using four-dimensional photonic path-mode entanglement and multi-outcome detection.
• Score: 10.953400525577798
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Bell inequality tests based on high-dimensional entanglement usually require measurements that can resolve multiple possible outcomes. However, the implementation of high-dimensional multi-outcome measurements is often only emulated via a collection of ``click or no-click'' measurements. This reduction of multi-outcome measurements to binary-outcome measurements opens a loophole in high-dimensional tests Bell inequalities which can be exploited by local hidden variable models [Tavakoli et al., Phys. Rev. A 111, 042433 (2025)]. Here, we close this loophole by using four-dimensional photonic path-mode entanglement and multi-outcome detection. We test both the well-known Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu inequality and a related Bell inequality tailored for maximally entangled states in high-dimension. We observe violations that are large enough to also rule out any quantum model based on entanglement of lower dimension, thereby demonstrating genuinely high-dimensional nonlocality free of the binarisation loophole.

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