Observing High-dimensional Bell Inequality Violations using Multi-Outcome Spectral Measurements

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20796v3
• Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2025 10:21:21 GMT
• Title: Observing High-dimensional Bell Inequality Violations using Multi-Outcome Spectral Measurements
• Authors: Kiki Dekkers, Laura Serino, Nicola DAlessandro, Abhinandan Bhattacharjee, Benjamin Brecht, Armin Tavakoli, Christine Silberhorn, Jonathan Leach,
• Abstract summary: We show that the joint spectral intensity of a two-photon entangled state contains access to the necessary multi-outcome measurements to certify entanglement or Bell-nonlocality.<n>This result is contrary to the belief that the joint spectral intensity is a phase-insensitive quantity and does not have sufficient information to certify entanglement or Bell-nonlocality.
• Score: 2.045480340068073
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Violation of Bell inequalities is an essential requirement for many quantum information and communication protocols. In high-dimensional systems, Bell inequality tests face the challenge of implementing genuinely multi-outcome measurements, since the emulation of these with separate dichotomic projections opens a binarisation loophole that local hidden variable theories can exploit. Here we show that the joint spectral intensity of a two-photon entangled state contains access to the necessary multi-outcome measurements to overcome this obstacle and certify and violate a Bell inequality for high-dimensional states. This result is contrary to the belief that the joint spectral intensity is a phase-insensitive quantity and does not have sufficient information to certify entanglement or Bell-nonlocality. Using this approach, we violate the CGLMP Bell inequality up to dimension d = 8, all with negligible p-values, and for the first time close the binarisation loophole in high-dimensional Bell experiments. Guaranteeing Bell-nonlocal correlations using frequency-only measurements removes the technological hurdle of measurements in the temporal domain, thus greatly simplifying any practical implementation of future high-dimensional quantum information protocols.

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