Scalable self-testing of generic multipartite quantum states

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15106v1
• Date: Thu, 14 May 2026 17:23:40 GMT
• Title: Scalable self-testing of generic multipartite quantum states
• Abstract summary: We introduce a protocol that robustly self-tests almost all $n$-qubit states with only sample complexity.<n>The key ingredient is an efficient scheme for device-independently evaluating multipartite Pauli measurements.
• Score: 1.086341461996514
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Characterizing large quantum systems with minimal assumptions is a central challenge in quantum information science. Self-testing provides the strongest form of certification by identifying the underlying quantum state solely from observed measurement statistics. However, existing self-testing methods for generic $n$-partite states face a scalability barrier, requiring exponentially many samples in the system size. In this work, we overcome this barrier by introducing a protocol that robustly self-tests almost all $n$-qubit states with only polynomial sample complexity. The key ingredient is an efficient scheme for device-independently evaluating multipartite Pauli measurements, which can be implemented using only a linear number of ancillary Bell pairs together with standard projective and Bell measurements, well within the reach of current quantum technology. Beyond self-testing states, our scheme provides a general framework for implementing a wide range of learning and certification protocols in the device-independent setting, thereby opening a scalable route to device-independent quantum information processing in large-scale quantum networks.

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