A cryogenic apparatus for coupling two-dimensional materials to a confocal multimode optical cavity

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28815v1
• Date: Wed, 27 May 2026 17:59:30 GMT
• Title: A cryogenic apparatus for coupling two-dimensional materials to a confocal multimode optical cavity
• Abstract summary: We describe an ultrahigh-vacuum system housing a length-tunable confocal Fabry-Pérot cavity with an intracavity sample.<n> operating near the confocal geometry concentrates the optical field into a localized supermode that substantially enhances light-matter coupling.
• Score: 2.6095039448060535
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Two-dimensional van der Waals materials exhibit a variety of correlated electron phases, and optical driving offers a promising route toward manipulating them. For example, cavity-enhanced, continuous-wave (CW) Raman excitation has been suggested as a way to coherently and superradiantly populate phonons or charge density waves via material excitons. A steady-state phonon population may be sustained with sufficiently strong electron-phonon coupling to drive novel collective response. We describe an apparatus built to meet the requirements of such an experimental program: Namely, an ultrahigh-vacuum system housing a length-tunable confocal Fabry-Pérot cavity with an intracavity sample, both cryogenically cooled and stabilized against vibrations. A four-axis nanopositioner aligns the sample and supports electrical leads for sample carrier density modulation and transport measurements. Transmission through the multimode cavity enables in situ sample imaging for alignment; the sample is a transition metal dichalcogenide in this work. Operating near the confocal geometry concentrates the optical field into a localized supermode that substantially enhances light-matter coupling. This enhancement is preserved despite the millimeter-scale cavity length, which provides room for sample alignment and exchange.

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