Continuous-Variable Source-Independent Quantum Random Number Generation with General POVMs

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31027v1
• Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2026 01:48:49 GMT
• Title: Continuous-Variable Source-Independent Quantum Random Number Generation with General POVMs
• Abstract summary: Continuous-variable source-independent quantum random number generators offer the highest generation rates among semi-device-independent protocols.<n>We propose a rigorous security proof framework that accommodates general, infinite-dimensional positive-operator-valued measures.<n>We experimentally validate our protocol on an optical platform using vacuum and weak coherent states, achieving a maximum secure randomness extraction of 1.11 bits per sample.
• Score: 9.797328475012575
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Continuous-variable source-independent quantum random number generators offer the highest generation rates among semi-device-independent protocols. In reality, the protocol design is limited due to permissible measurement configurations. In this work, we propose a rigorous security proof framework that accommodates general, infinite-dimensional positive-operator-valued measures. Building upon the numerical security proof framework, we evaluate the randomness lower bound by maximizing the eavesdropper's guessing probability. Specifically, we transform the inherently infinite-dimensional semidefinite program in Fock space into a tractable finite-dimensional one, rigorously proving that latter provides a strict upper bound to the guessing probability of the original infinite-dimensional problem. Our framework showcases its capability by certifying secure randomness using unbalanced homodyne detection with only a single quadrature measurement, thereby bypassing the traditional requirement of measuring two conjugate quadratures such as $X$ and $P$. We experimentally validate our protocol on an optical platform using vacuum and weak coherent states, achieving a maximum secure randomness extraction of 1.11 bits per sample and an ultra-high generation rate of 1.776 Gbps. This work provides a flexible design for practical, high-speed quantum random number generators.

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