Static and Ensemble-Dependent Thermodynamics of the Strain-Induced Parity Anomaly in Gapped Graphene

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05999v1
• Date: Sat, 05 Sep 2026 09:58:04 GMT
• Title: Static and Ensemble-Dependent Thermodynamics of the Strain-Induced Parity Anomaly in Gapped Graphene
• Abstract summary: A static deformation of graphene can act on its Dirac electrons as a valley-odd magnetic field.<n>In sublattice-gapped graphene this field makes the two valleys add in the parity-odd response rather than cancel.<n>We derive the equilibrium thermodynamics of this effect and separate it from the finite-frequency transport response.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: A static deformation of graphene can act on its Dirac electrons as a valley-odd magnetic field. In sublattice-gapped graphene this field makes the two valleys add in the parity-odd response rather than cancel. We derive the equilibrium thermodynamics of this effect and separate it from the finite-frequency transport response. At fixed electrochemical potential, reversing the pseudomagnetic field removes every nonzero pseudo-Landau level in the continuum theory. The remaining grand-potential difference is fixed by the spectrally asymmetric zeroth level. The static charge response is a thermally broadened plateau confined to the gap and has no metallic $m/|μ|$ tail. Near a band edge, pseudofield reversal transfers $\mathrm{B}\ln2$ of entropy per unsplit zero-mode state in the low-temperature window. The fixed-$μ$ heat capacity has two side lobes per edge and a universal peak $0.439229\,D_B k_{\mathrm B}$. We then formulate a definite constant-gate-voltage circuit and show that the measured sheet heat capacity depends on the electrical boundary condition. The full massive-Dirac density of states and an exact finite-field pseudo-Landau-level calculation give the same gate crossover in their common limit. At fixed carrier number, the low-temperature edge value is $-2(\ln2)^2 D_B k_{\mathrm B}$, rather than a node. A finite geometric capacitance gives a continuous and experimentally tunable interpolation. Finally, we give a trace-free triaxial strain geometry, a disorder--interaction window, and realistic calorimetric and quantum-capacitance scales. The field-reversal protocol isolates an equilibrium electromechanical anomaly without a real magnetic field.

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