First and Second Law of Quantum Thermodynamics: A Consistent Derivation Based on a Microscopic Definition of Entropy

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.08817v6
• Date: Mon, 30 Aug 2021 09:26:06 GMT
• Title: First and Second Law of Quantum Thermodynamics: A Consistent Derivation Based on a Microscopic Definition of Entropy
• Authors: Philipp Strasberg and Andreas Winter
• Abstract summary: This tutorial focuses on the derivation of the first and second law for closed and open quantum systems far from equilibrium. The derivation is based on a microscopic definition of five essential quantities: internal energy, thermodynamic entropy, work, heat and temperature.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Deriving the laws of thermodynamics from a microscopic picture is a central quest of statistical mechanics. This tutorial focuses on the derivation of the first and second law for closed and open quantum systems far from equilibrium, where such foundational questions also become practically relevant for emergent nanotechnologies. The derivation is based on a microscopic definition of five essential quantities: internal energy, thermodynamic entropy, work, heat and temperature. These definitions are shown to satisfy the phenomenological laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for a large class of states and processes. The consistency with previous results is demonstrated. The framework applies to multiple baths including particle transport and accounts for processes with, e.g., a changing temperature of the bath, which is determined microscopically. An integral fluctuation theorem for entropy production is satisfied. In summary, this tutorial introduces a consistent and versatile framework to understand and apply the laws of thermodynamics in the quantum regime and beyond.

Related papers

• Quantum thermodynamics as a gauge theory [0.0]
  A gauge theory for quantum thermodynamics was introduced, defining gauge invariant work and heat. We extend that theory in two significant ways, incorporating energy spectrum degeneracies, which were previously overlooked. This results in a complete framework for quantum thermodynamics grounded in the principle of gauge invariance.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-09-12T00:46:48Z)
• Quantum thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes in lattice gauge theories [0.0]
  We show how to define thermodynamic quantities using strong-coupling thermodynamics. Our definitions suit instantaneous quenches, simple nonequilibrium processes undertaken in quantum simulators.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-04-03T18:00:03Z)
• Unification of the first law of quantum thermodynamics [0.0]
  Underlying the classical thermodynamic principles are analogous microscopic laws, arising from the fundamental axioms of quantum mechanics. The foremost quantum thermodynamic law is a simple statement concerning the conservation of energy. There exist ambiguity and disagreement regarding the precise partition of a quantum system's energy change to work and heat.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-08-22T19:36:41Z)
• Demonstrating Quantum Microscopic Reversibility Using Coherent States of Light [58.8645797643406]
  We propose and experimentally test a quantum generalization of the microscopic reversibility when a quantum system interacts with a heat bath. We verify that the quantum modification for the principle of microscopic reversibility is critical in the low-temperature limit.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-05-26T00:25:29Z)
• Gauge Quantum Thermodynamics of Time-local non-Markovian Evolutions [77.34726150561087]
  We deal with a generic time-local non-Markovian master equation. We define current and power to be process-dependent as in classical thermodynamics. Applying the theory to quantum thermal engines, we show that gauge transformations can change the machine efficiency.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-04-06T17:59:15Z)
• Maximum entropy quantum state distributions [58.720142291102135]
  We go beyond traditional thermodynamics and condition on the full distribution of the conserved quantities. The result are quantum state distributions whose deviations from thermal states' get more pronounced in the limit of wide input distributions.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-03-23T17:42:34Z)
• Open-system approach to nonequilibrium quantum thermodynamics at arbitrary coupling [77.34726150561087]
  We develop a general theory describing the thermodynamical behavior of open quantum systems coupled to thermal baths. Our approach is based on the exact time-local quantum master equation for the reduced open system states.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-09-24T11:19:22Z)
• Gauge invariant quantum thermodynamics: consequences for the first law [0.0]
  Information theory plays a major role in the identification of thermodynamic functions. We explicitly construct physically motivated gauge transformations which encode a gentle variant of coarse-graining behind thermodynamics. As a consequence, we reinterpret quantum work and heat, as well as the role of quantum coherence.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-04-20T17:53:16Z)
• Catalytic Entropy Principles [1.2691047660244335]
  entropy shows an unavoidable tendency of disorder in thermostatistics according to the second thermodynamics law. We present the first unified principle consistent with the second thermodynamics law in terms of general quantum entropies. Results should be interesting in the many-body theory and long-range quantum information processing.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-04-08T01:13:36Z)
• Temperature of a finite-dimensional quantum system [68.8204255655161]
  A general expression for the temperature of a finite-dimensional quantum system is deduced from thermodynamic arguments. Explicit formulas for the temperature of two and three-dimensional quantum systems are presented.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-05-01T07:47:50Z)
• Entropy production in the quantum walk [62.997667081978825]
  We focus on the study of the discrete-time quantum walk on the line, from the entropy production perspective. We argue that the evolution of the coin can be modeled as an open two-level system that exchanges energy with the lattice at some effective temperature.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-04-09T23:18:29Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.