Coupling a mobile hole to an antiferromagnetic spin background: Transient dynamics of a magnetic polaron

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06672v2
• Date: Mon, 3 May 2021 21:23:28 GMT
• Title: Coupling a mobile hole to an antiferromagnetic spin background: Transient dynamics of a magnetic polaron
• Authors: Geoffrey Ji, Muqing Xu, Lev Haldar Kendrick, Christie S. Chiu, Justus C. Br\"uggenj\"urgen, Daniel Greif, Annabelle Bohrdt, Fabian Grusdt, Eugene Demler, Martin Lebrat, Markus Greiner
• Abstract summary: In this work, we use a cold-atom quantum simulator to directly observe the formation dynamics and subsequent spreading of individual magnetic polarons. Measuring the density- and spin-resolved evolution of a single hole in a 2D Hubbard insulator with short-range antiferromagnetic correlations reveals fast initial delocalization and a dressing of the spin background. Our work enables the study of out-of-equilibrium emergent phenomena in the Fermi-Hubbard model, one dopant at a time.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Understanding the interplay between charge and spin and its effects on transport is a ubiquitous challenge in quantum many-body systems. In the Fermi-Hubbard model, this interplay is thought to give rise to magnetic polarons, whose dynamics may explain emergent properties of quantum materials such as high-temperature superconductivity. In this work, we use a cold-atom quantum simulator to directly observe the formation dynamics and subsequent spreading of individual magnetic polarons. Measuring the density- and spin-resolved evolution of a single hole in a 2D Hubbard insulator with short-range antiferromagnetic correlations reveals fast initial delocalization and a dressing of the spin background, indicating polaron formation. At long times, we find that dynamics are slowed down by the spin exchange time, and they are compatible with a polaronic model with strong density and spin coupling. Our work enables the study of out-of-equilibrium emergent phenomena in the Fermi-Hubbard model, one dopant at a time.

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