Lower Bound on Irreversibility in Thermal Relaxation of Open Quantum Systems

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.07348v3
• Date: Thu, 14 Oct 2021 17:11:51 GMT
• Title: Lower Bound on Irreversibility in Thermal Relaxation of Open Quantum Systems
• Authors: Tan Van Vu and Yoshihiko Hasegawa
• Abstract summary: Quantifying the degree of irreversibility by entropy production, we prove that the irreversibility of the thermal relaxation is lower-bounded by a relative entropy between the unitarily-evolved state and the final state. Our finding refines the second law of thermodynamics and reveals a universal feature of thermal relaxation processes.
• Score: 4.111899441919164
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We consider thermal relaxation process of a quantum system attached to a single or multiple reservoirs. Quantifying the degree of irreversibility by entropy production, we prove that the irreversibility of the thermal relaxation is lower-bounded by a relative entropy between the unitarily-evolved state and the final state. The bound characterizes the state discrepancy induced by the non-unitary dynamics, thus reflecting the dissipative nature of irreversibility. Intriguingly, the bound can be evaluated solely in terms of the initial and final states and the system Hamiltonian; hence, providing a feasible way to estimate entropy production without prior knowledge of the underlying coupling structure. Our finding refines the second law of thermodynamics and reveals a universal feature of thermal relaxation processes.

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