Non-equilibrium critical scaling and universality in a quantum simulator
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2309.10856v1
- Date: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 18:04:25 GMT
- Title: Non-equilibrium critical scaling and universality in a quantum simulator
- Authors: A. De, P. Cook, K. Collins, W. Morong, D. Paz, P. Titum, G. Pagano, A.
V. Gorshkov, M. Maghrebi, C. Monroe
- Abstract summary: Universality and scaling laws are hallmarks of equilibrium phase transitions and critical phenomena.
We show that the amplitude and timescale of the post-quench fluctuations scale with system size with distinct universal critical exponents.
Our results demonstrate the ability of quantum simulators to explore universal scaling beyond the equilibrium paradigm.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: Universality and scaling laws are hallmarks of equilibrium phase transitions
and critical phenomena. However, extending these concepts to non-equilibrium
systems is an outstanding challenge. Despite recent progress in the study of
dynamical phases, the universality classes and scaling laws for non-equilibrium
phenomena are far less understood than those in equilibrium. In this work,
using a trapped-ion quantum simulator with single-ion resolution, we
investigate the non-equilibrium nature of critical fluctuations following a
quantum quench to the critical point. We probe the scaling of spin fluctuations
after a series of quenches to the critical Hamiltonian of a long-range Ising
model. With systems of up to 50 spins, we show that the amplitude and timescale
of the post-quench fluctuations scale with system size with distinct universal
critical exponents. While a generic quench can lead to thermal critical
behaviour, we find that a second quench from one critical state to another
(i.e. a double quench) results in critical behaviour that does not have an
equilibrium counterpart. Our results demonstrate the ability of quantum
simulators to explore universal scaling beyond the equilibrium paradigm.
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