Observation of a finite-energy phase transition in a one-dimensional
quantum simulator
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19869v1
- Date: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 18:00:01 GMT
- Title: Observation of a finite-energy phase transition in a one-dimensional
quantum simulator
- Authors: Alexander Schuckert, Or Katz, Lei Feng, Eleanor Crane, Arinjoy De,
Mohammad Hafezi, Alexey V. Gorshkov, Christopher Monroe
- Abstract summary: We show the first experimental demonstration of a finite-energy phase transition in 1D.
By preparing initial states with different energies in a 1D trapped-ion quantum simulator, we study the finite-energy phase diagram of a long-range interacting quantum system.
- Score: 39.899531336700136
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: One of the most striking many-body phenomena in nature is the sudden change
of macroscopic properties as the temperature or energy reaches a critical
value. Such equilibrium transitions have been predicted and observed in two and
three spatial dimensions, but have long been thought not to exist in
one-dimensional (1D) systems. Fifty years ago, Dyson and Thouless pointed out
that a phase transition in 1D can occur in the presence of long-range
interactions, but an experimental realization has so far not been achieved due
to the requirement to both prepare equilibrium states and realize sufficiently
long-range interactions. Here we report on the first experimental demonstration
of a finite-energy phase transition in 1D. We use the simple observation that
finite-energy states can be prepared by time-evolving product initial states
and letting them thermalize under the dynamics of a many-body Hamiltonian. By
preparing initial states with different energies in a 1D trapped-ion quantum
simulator, we study the finite-energy phase diagram of a long-range interacting
quantum system. We observe a ferromagnetic equilibrium phase transition as well
as a crossover from a low-energy polarized paramagnet to a high-energy
unpolarized paramagnet in a system of up to $23$ spins, in excellent agreement
with numerical simulations. Our work demonstrates the ability of quantum
simulators to realize and study previously inaccessible phases at finite energy
density.
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