Noise-induced phase transitions in hybrid quantum circuits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.16631v2
• Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2024 01:50:24 GMT
• Title: Noise-induced phase transitions in hybrid quantum circuits
• Authors: Shuo Liu, Ming-Rui Li, Shi-Xin Zhang, Shao-Kai Jian, Hong Yao,
• Abstract summary: In this work, we investigate the effects of quantum noises with size-dependent probabilities $q=p/Lalpha$ where $alpha$ represents the scaling exponent. We have identified a noise-induced entanglement phase transition from a volume law to a power (area) law in the presence (absence) of measurements. This unified picture further deepens the understanding of the connection between entanglement behavior and the capacity of information protection.
• Score: 3.625262223613696
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The presence of quantum noises inherent to real physical systems can strongly impact the physics in hybrid quantum circuits with local random unitaries and mid-circuit measurements. The quantum noises with a size-independent occurring probability can lead to the disappearance of a measurement-induced entanglement phase transition and the emergence of a single area-law phase. In this work, we investigate the effects of quantum noises with size-dependent probabilities $q=p/L^{\alpha}$ where $\alpha$ represents the scaling exponent. We have identified a noise-induced entanglement phase transition from a volume law to a power (area) law in the presence (absence) of measurements as $p$ increases when $\alpha=1$. With the help of an effective statistical model, we reveal that the phase transition is of first-order arising from the competition between two types of spin configurations and shares the same analytical understanding as the noise-induced coding transition. This unified picture further deepens the understanding of the connection between entanglement behavior and the capacity of information protection. When $\alpha \neq 1$, one spin configuration always dominates regardless of $p$ and thus the phase transition disappears. Moreover, we highlight the difference between the effects of size-dependent bulk noise and boundary noises. We validate our analytical predictions with extensive numerical results from stabilizer circuit simulations.

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