Contextuality in anomalous heat flow

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.09715v3
• Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2025 14:17:57 GMT
• Title: Contextuality in anomalous heat flow
• Authors: Naim Elias Comar, Danilo Cius, Luis Felipe Santos, Rafael Wagner, Bárbara Amaral,
• Abstract summary: In quantum thermodynamics, anomalous heat flow can happen, temporarily making cold states colder and hot thermal states hotter.<n>In this work, we introduce scenarios where anomalous heat flow emphdoes have a direct link to nonclassicality.<n>We conclude by investigating heat flow in the evolution of two qutrit systems, showing that our findings are not an artifact of using two-qubit systems.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In classical thermodynamics, heat must spontaneously flow from hot to cold systems. In quantum thermodynamics, the same law applies when considering multipartite product thermal states evolving unitarily. If initial correlations are present, anomalous heat flow can happen, temporarily making cold thermal states colder and hot thermal states hotter. Such effect can happen due to entanglement, but also because of classical randomness, hence lacking a direct connection with nonclassicality. In this work, we introduce scenarios where anomalous heat flow \emph{does} have a direct link to nonclassicality, defined to be the failure of noncontextual models to explain experimental data. We start by extending known noncontextuality inequalities to a setup where sequential transformations are considered. We then show a class of quantum prepare-transform-measure protocols, characterized by time intervals $(0,\tau_c)$ for a given critical time $\tau_c$, where anomalous heat flow happens only if a noncontextuality inequality is violated. We also analyze a recent experiment from Micadei et. al. [Nat. Commun. 10, 2456 (2019)] and find the critical time $\tau_c$ based on their experimental parameters. We conclude by investigating heat flow in the evolution of two qutrit systems, showing that our findings are not an artifact of using two-qubit systems.

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