Inverse-Transpilation: Reverse-Engineering Quantum Compiler Optimization Passes from Circuit Snapshots

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19113v1
• Date: Sun, 27 Apr 2025 05:25:12 GMT
• Title: Inverse-Transpilation: Reverse-Engineering Quantum Compiler Optimization Passes from Circuit Snapshots
• Authors: Satwik Kundu, Swaroop Ghosh,
• Abstract summary: We propose a simple ML-based framework to infer underlying optimization techniques by leveraging structural differences observed between original and compiled circuits.<n>Our evaluation shows that a neural network performs the best in detecting optimization passes, with individual pass F1-scores reaching as high as 0.96.
• Score: 2.348041867134616
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: Circuit compilation, a crucial process for adapting quantum algorithms to hardware constraints, often operates as a ``black box,'' with limited visibility into the optimization techniques used by proprietary systems or advanced open-source frameworks. Due to fundamental differences in qubit technologies, efficient compiler design is an expensive process, further exposing these systems to various security threats. In this work, we take a first step toward evaluating one such challenge affecting compiler confidentiality, specifically, reverse-engineering compilation methodologies. We propose a simple ML-based framework to infer underlying optimization techniques by leveraging structural differences observed between original and compiled circuits. The motivation is twofold: (1) enhancing transparency in circuit optimization for improved cross-platform debugging and performance tuning, and (2) identifying potential intellectual property (IP)-protected optimizations employed by commercial systems. Our extensive evaluation across thousands of quantum circuits shows that a neural network performs the best in detecting optimization passes, with individual pass F1-scores reaching as high as 0.96. Thus, our initial study demonstrates the viability of this threat to compiler confidentiality and underscores the need for active research in this area.

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