From Automation to Autonomy: A Survey on Large Language Models in Scientific Discovery
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13259v1
- Date: Mon, 19 May 2025 15:41:32 GMT
- Title: From Automation to Autonomy: A Survey on Large Language Models in Scientific Discovery
- Authors: Tianshi Zheng, Zheye Deng, Hong Ting Tsang, Weiqi Wang, Jiaxin Bai, Zihao Wang, Yangqiu Song,
- Abstract summary: Large Language Models (LLMs) are catalyzing a paradigm shift in scientific discovery.<n>This survey systematically charts this burgeoning field, placing a central focus on the changing roles and escalating capabilities of LLMs in science.
- Score: 43.31110556077432
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are catalyzing a paradigm shift in scientific discovery, evolving from task-specific automation tools into increasingly autonomous agents and fundamentally redefining research processes and human-AI collaboration. This survey systematically charts this burgeoning field, placing a central focus on the changing roles and escalating capabilities of LLMs in science. Through the lens of the scientific method, we introduce a foundational three-level taxonomy-Tool, Analyst, and Scientist-to delineate their escalating autonomy and evolving responsibilities within the research lifecycle. We further identify pivotal challenges and future research trajectories such as robotic automation, self-improvement, and ethical governance. Overall, this survey provides a conceptual architecture and strategic foresight to navigate and shape the future of AI-driven scientific discovery, fostering both rapid innovation and responsible advancement. Github Repository: https://github.com/HKUST-KnowComp/Awesome-LLM-Scientific-Discovery.
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