Observation of criticality-enhanced quantum sensing in non-unitary quantum walks

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16133v1
• Date: Thu, 19 Jun 2025 08:37:40 GMT
• Title: Observation of criticality-enhanced quantum sensing in non-unitary quantum walks
• Authors: Lei Xiao, Saubhik Sarkar, Kunkun Wang, Abolfazl Bayat, Peng Xue,
• Abstract summary: We experimentally demonstrate criticality-enhanced quantum sensitivity in a non-Hermitian topological system.<n>Our theoretical analysis shows that the detected enhancement is a direct implication of the steady-state behavior.<n>Our experiment showcases the leveraging of quantum criticality and non-Hermitian physics for achieving quantum-enhanced sensitivity.
• Score: 7.641247012171534
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Quantum physics with its unique features enables parameter estimation with precisions beyond the capability of classical sensors, a phenomenon known as quantum-enhanced sensing. Quantum criticality has been identified as a resource for achieving such an enhancement. Despite immense theoretical progress in characterizing criticality-enhanced sensing, experimental implementations of such systems have been extremely challenging. This is due to the complexity of ground-state preparation and the long time required to reach the steady state near the critical points. Here we experimentally demonstrate criticality-enhanced quantum sensitivity in a non-Hermitian topological system. Our photonic quantum walk setup supports two distinct topological phase transitions at which quantum-enhanced sensitivity is observed even at the transient times, where the system has not yet reached its steady state. Indeed, our theoretical analysis shows that the detected enhancement is a direct implication of the steady-state behavior. The merit of our setup is also captured through Bayesian inference which shows excellent estimation and precision. Our experiment showcases the leveraging of quantum criticality and non-Hermitian physics for achieving quantum-enhanced sensitivity.

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