Error-resilient Reversal of Quantum Chaotic Dynamics Enabled by Scramblons

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19915v2
• Date: Sat, 19 Jul 2025 08:30:08 GMT
• Title: Error-resilient Reversal of Quantum Chaotic Dynamics Enabled by Scramblons
• Authors: Yu-Chen Li, Tian-Gang Zhou, Shengyu Zhang, Ze Wu, Liqiang Zhao, Haochuan Yin, Xiaoxue An, Hui Zhai, Pengfei Zhang, Xinhua Peng, Jiangfeng Du,
• Abstract summary: arrow of time in quantum many-body systems stems from Hamiltonian evolution to scramble quantum information and increase entanglement.<n>We study the structure of quantum information scrambling and chaotic dynamics.<n>Our results push the fundamental limits of dynamical revers of complex quantum systems.
• Score: 16.71116343065157
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The emergence of the arrow of time in quantum many-body systems stems from the inherent tendency of Hamiltonian evolution to scramble quantum information and increase entanglement. While, in principle, one might counteract this temporal directionality by engineering a perfectly inverted Hamiltonian to reverse entanglement growth, such a scenario is fundamentally unstable because even minor imperfections in the backward evolution can be exponentially amplified, a hallmark of quantum many-body chaos. Therefore, successfully reversing quantum many-body dynamics demands a deep understanding of the underlying structure of quantum information scrambling and chaotic dynamics. Here, by using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance on a macroscopic ensemble of randomly interacting spins, we measure the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) and validate key predictions of scramblon theory, a universal theoretical framework for information scrambling. Crucially, this theory enables us to isolate and mitigate errors in the OTOC caused by imperfections in the backward evolution. As a result, this protocol uncovers the anticipated exponential behavior of quantum many-body chaos and extracts the quantum Lyapunov exponent in a many-body experimental system for the first time. Our results push the fundamental limits of dynamical reversibility of complex quantum systems, with implications for quantum simulation and metrology.

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