Coherence of Microwave and Optical Qubit Levels in Neutral Thulium

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.12887v1
• Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2025 12:38:59 GMT
• Title: Coherence of Microwave and Optical Qubit Levels in Neutral Thulium
• Authors: Denis Mishin, Dmitry Tregubov, Nikolay Kolachevsky, Artem Golovizin,
• Abstract summary: We show that thulium is a viable candidate for quantum computing, combining advantages of hyperfine qubit encoding with a rich energy-level structure of alkaline-earth-like atoms.<n>Results mark the first step toward using thulium for quantum computing applications.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Hyperfine-encoded qubits in alkali atoms have established themselves as robust platforms for quantum computing, while alkaline-earth-like elements expand the state manipulation toolbox through their rich spectrum of optical transitions and metastable states. In this work, we demonstrate that thulium is a viable candidate for quantum computing, combining advantages of hyperfine qubit encoding with a rich energy-level structure of alkaline-earth-like atoms. We describe protocols for the initial state preparation and state-selective readout, and show single-qubit operations on the microwave transition at $1 497$ MHz. We demonstrate ground state hyperfine qubit coherence times up to $T_2^* = 22^{+2}_{-2}$ s and $T_2 = 55^{+59}_{-14}$ s, representing record-scale performance for neutral-atom systems. Furthermore, we show operations involving metastable optical states, including shelving for the state-selective readout as well as coherent population transfer of the ground state qubit with coherence time primarily limited by the metastable level natural lifetime of $112$ ms. These results mark the first step toward using thulium for quantum computing applications and highlight its promising characteristics.

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