Complex Heat Capacity as a Witness of Spatio-Temporal Entanglement

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.15728v1
• Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 17:13:58 GMT
• Title: Complex Heat Capacity as a Witness of Spatio-Temporal Entanglement
• Authors: Mia Stamatova, Vlatko Vedral,
• Abstract summary: We propose a novel witness of temporal quantum entanglement using the imaginary component of the complex heat capacity.<n>By establishing a direct correspondence between complex heat capacity and the pseudo-density matrix formalism, our approach enables the characterisation of both spatial and temporal quantum correlations.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We propose a novel witness of temporal quantum entanglement using the imaginary component of the complex heat capacity - a measurable thermodynamic quantity in temperature-modulated calorimetry. By establishing a direct correspondence between complex heat capacity and the pseudo-density matrix formalism, our approach enables the characterisation of both spatial and temporal quantum correlations without demanding additional state-level manipulation beyond initial tomography. We analytically demonstrate this connection for an open quantum system modelled by a qubit coupled to a thermal bath, and show how both pseudo-density matrix negativity and violations of a temporal CHSH inequality emerge as indicators of non-classical temporal correlations. We further identify bounds on the imaginary heat capacity that guarantee temporal entanglement, providing an experimentally accessible criterion at the macroscopic scale. This framework offers a feasible route for probing temporal quantum effects in condensed-matter systems and opens a viable path toward experimental realisation.

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