Experimental observation of multimode quantum phase transitions in a superconducting Bose-Hubbard simulator

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20116v1
• Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2025 10:22:31 GMT
• Title: Experimental observation of multimode quantum phase transitions in a superconducting Bose-Hubbard simulator
• Authors: Claudia Castillo-Moreno, Théo Sépulcre, Timo Hillmann, Kazi Rafsanjani Amin, Mikael Kervinen, Simone Gasparinetti,
• Abstract summary: We report an experimental study of a multi-mode dissipative first-order phase transition in a 1D Bose-Hubbard chain consisting of 21 superconducting resonators.<n>Our results open a new window into non-equilibrium quantum many-body physics.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The study of phase transitions and critical phenomena arising in quantum driven-dissipative systems, and whether a correspondence can be drawn to their equilibrium counterparts, is a pressing question in contemporary physics. The development of large-scale superconducting circuits provides an experimental platform for these theoretical models. We report an experimental study of a multi-mode dissipative first-order phase transition in a 1D Bose-Hubbard chain consisting of 21 superconducting resonators. This phase transition manifests itself as a simultaneous frequency jump in all resonator modes as the frequency or power of a pump tone is swept. By measuring the system's emission spectrum through the transition, we characterize the dim-to-bright phase transition and construct the full phase diagram. We further perform time-dependent measurements of the switching between the two phases in the transition region, from which we corroborate the transition line and extract transition times ranging from a few ms up to 143~s. Our model, based on single-mode mean-field theory and cross-Kerr interactions, captures the features at moderate pump powers and quantitatively reproduces the transition line. Our results open a new window into non-equilibrium quantum many-body physics and mark a step toward realizing and understanding dissipative phase transitions in the thermodynamic limit using superconducting quantum circuits.

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