Initial-State Typicality in Quantum Relaxation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01709v2
• Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2025 01:55:51 GMT
• Title: Initial-State Typicality in Quantum Relaxation
• Authors: Ruicheng Bao,
• Abstract summary: We show that relaxation becomes nearly initial-state-independent as system size increases.<n>We formalize this with two new concepts: the 'typical strong Mpemba effect' and the 'typical relaxation time'
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Relaxation in open quantum systems is fundamental to quantum science and technologies. Yet, the influence of the initial state on relaxation remains a central, largely unanswered question. Here, by systematically characterizing the relaxation behavior of generic initial states, we uncover a typicality phenomenon in high-dimensional open quantum systems: relaxation becomes nearly initial-state-independent as system size increases under verifiable conditions. Crucially, we prove this typicality for thermalization processes above a size-independent temperature. Our findings extend the typicality to open quantum dynamics, in turn identifying a class of systems where two widely used quantities -- the Liouvillian gap and the maximal relaxation time -- merit re-examination. We formalize this with two new concepts: the 'typical strong Mpemba effect' and the 'typical relaxation time'. Beyond these conceptual advances, our results provide practical implications: a scalable route to accelerating relaxation and a typical mixing-time benchmark that complements conventional worst-case metrics for quantum simulations and state preparation.

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