Information-Theoretic Scaling Laws of Neural Quantum States

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23468v1
• Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2026 17:34:26 GMT
• Title: Information-Theoretic Scaling Laws of Neural Quantum States
• Abstract summary: We show that exact autoregressive representation of a quantum state requires the virtual-bond dimension to scale with the amplitude mutual information.<n>For stabilizer-state families, we show that this law yields an explicit, analytical rank formula.
• Score: 6.378700750938894
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We establish an information-theoretic scaling law for generic autoregressive neural quantum states, determined by the middle-cut mutual information of the wavefunction amplitude. By formalizing the virtual bond as an effective information channel across a sequence bipartition, we rigorously prove that exact autoregressive representation of a quantum state requires the virtual-bond dimension to scale with the amplitude mutual information. For stabilizer-state families, we show that this law yields an explicit, analytical rank formula. Applying this framework across quantum-state tomography, ground-state and finite-temperature learning, our numerical experiments expose precise exponent matching, architecture-dependent scaling differences between recurrent and Transformer neural quantum state, and the critical role of autoregressive basis ordering. These results establish a rigorous physical link between the intrinsic structure of a quantum many-body state and the corresponding neural-network capacity required for its faithful representation.

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