Rethinking Quantum Networking with Advances in Fiber Technology

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23718v1
• Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2026 21:07:08 GMT
• Title: Rethinking Quantum Networking with Advances in Fiber Technology
• Abstract summary: Anti-resonant hollow-core fiber outperforms conventional silica single-mode fibers in quantum repeater networks.<n>HCF yields up to an order of magnitude improvement in secret-key rate per channel use.<n>HCF enables larger optimal repeater spacing, improving rate--cost tradeoffs and reducing repeater requirements.
• Score: 6.990956996862898
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Recent comparisons of quantum repeater protocols have highlighted the strong near-term potential of multiplexed two-way architectures for long-distance quantum communication. At the same time, advances in hollow-core fiber (HCF) technology motivate a re-examination of the physical transmission medium as an architectural lever in quantum network design. In this work, we compare emerging anti-resonant HCFs against conventional silica single-mode fibers (SMFs) in multiplexed two-way quantum repeater networks. We evaluate their performance under both telecom and memory-native transmission, accounting for frequency-conversion overheads, coupling efficiencies, memory decoherence, and operational noise. We find that HCF significantly outperforms SMF across a wide range of regimes. With memory-native transmission, HCF yields up to an order of magnitude improvement in secret-key rate per channel use under realistic conversion efficiencies. Even at telecom wavelengths, HCF enables larger optimal repeater spacing, improving rate--cost tradeoffs and reducing repeater requirements. We further quantify the role of memory quality, hardware efficiency, detector and conversion losses, and two-qubit gate noise in shaping these gains. These results show that recent advances in HCF materially expand the design space of practical terrestrial quantum repeater networks.

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