Violating the Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation in the Three-Level Maser

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.07791v2
• Date: Tue, 3 Aug 2021 06:52:33 GMT
• Title: Violating the Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation in the Three-Level Maser
• Authors: Alex Arash Sand Kalaee, Andreas Wacker, Patrick P. Potts
• Abstract summary: The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) provides a trade-off between output power, fluctuations and entropic cost. This letter provides a study of the TUR in a prototypical quantum heat engine, the Scovil & Schulz-DuBois maser.
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• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Nanoscale heat engines are subject to large fluctuations which affect their precision. The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) provides a trade-off between output power, fluctuations and entropic cost. This trade-off may be overcome by systems exhibiting quantum coherence. This letter provides a study of the TUR in a prototypical quantum heat engine, the Scovil & Schulz-DuBois maser. Comparison with a classical reference system allows us to determine the effect of quantum coherence on the performance of the heat engine. We identify analytically regions where coherence suppresses fluctuations, implying a quantum advantage, as well as regions where fluctuations are enhanced by coherence. This quantum effect cannot be anticipated from the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix. Because the fluctuations are not encoded in the steady state alone, TUR violations are a consequence of coherence that goes beyond steady-state coherence. While the system violates the conventional TUR, it adheres a recent formulation of a quantum TUR. We further show that parameters where the engine operates close to the conventional limit are prevalent and TUR violations in the quantum model not uncommon.

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