Fiber transmission of cluster states via multi-level time-bin encoding

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01497v1
• Date: Wed, 02 Jul 2025 09:01:37 GMT
• Title: Fiber transmission of cluster states via multi-level time-bin encoding
• Authors: Philip Rübeling, Robert Johanning, Jan Heine, Oleksandr V. Marchukov, Michael Kues,
• Abstract summary: Cluster states are multipartite entangled states that retain entanglement under local measurements.<n>We demonstrate the first transmission of a four-qubit cluster state over 25 km of single-mode fiber by using a two-photon multi-level time-bin encoding.<n>Our approach enables the transmission of complex quantum states over long-distance fibers, permitting the implementation of multipartite protocols.
• Score: 14.379311972506791
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The next generation of telecommunication networks will rely on the transmission of complex quantum states to enable secure and transformative information processing, utilizing entanglement and superposition. Cluster states - multipartite entangled states that retain entanglement under local measurements - are a vital resource for quantum networking applications such as blind photonic quantum computing, quantum state teleportation and all-photonic quantum repeaters. However, the transmission of cluster states over optical fiber has remained elusive with previous approaches. Here, we demonstrate the first transmission of a four-qubit cluster state over 25 km of single-mode fiber by using a two-photon multi-level time-bin encoding. We directly generate the state by exploiting coherent control of a parametric generation process, rendering a resource-intensive controlled-phase gate obsolete. To enable efficient and reconfigurable projective measurements on the multi-level time-bin encoded state, we introduce chirped-pulse modulation and implement the first time-bin beam splitter, allowing us to certify genuine multipartite entanglement and to demonstrate one-way computing operations. Our approach enables the transmission of complex quantum states over long-distance fibers, permitting the implementation of multipartite protocols and laying the foundation for large-scale quantum resource networks.

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