Principles of Optics in the Fock Space: Scalable Manipulation of Giant Quantum States

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10325v1
• Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2026 12:10:18 GMT
• Title: Principles of Optics in the Fock Space: Scalable Manipulation of Giant Quantum States
• Authors: Yifang Xu, Yilong Zhou, Ziyue Hua, Lida Sun, Jie Zhou, Weiting Wang, Weizhou Cai, Hongwei Huang, Lintao Xiao, Guangming Xue, Haifeng Yu, Ming Li, Chang-Ling Zou, Luyan Sun,
• Abstract summary: We introduce Fock-space optics", establishing a conceptual framework of wave propagation in the quantum domain.<n>We experimentally demonstrate Fock-space analogues of optical propagation, refraction, lensing, dispersion, and interference with up to 180 photons.
• Score: 14.607235253114633
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The manipulation of distinct degrees of freedom of photons plays a critical role in both classical and quantum information processing. While the principles of wave optics provide elegant and scalable control over classical light in spatial and temporal domains, engineering quantum states in Fock space has been largely restricted to few-photon regimes, hindered by the computational and experimental challenges of large Hilbert spaces. Here, we introduce ``Fock-space optics", establishing a conceptual framework of wave propagation in the quantum domain by treating photon number as a synthetic dimension. Using a superconducting microwave resonator, we experimentally demonstrate Fock-space analogues of optical propagation, refraction, lensing, dispersion, and interference with up to 180 photons. These results establish a fundamental correspondence between Schrödinger evolution in a single bosonic mode and classical paraxial wave propagation. By mapping intuitive optical concepts onto high-dimensional quantum state engineering, our work opens a path toward scalable control of large-scale quantum systems with thousands of photons and advanced bosonic information processing.

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