Multi-qubit gates and Schrödinger cat states in an optical clock

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.16289v3
• Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2024 07:23:38 GMT
• Title: Multi-qubit gates and Schrödinger cat states in an optical clock
• Authors: Alec Cao, William J. Eckner, Theodor Lukin Yelin, Aaron W. Young, Sven Jandura, Lingfeng Yan, Kyungtae Kim, Guido Pupillo, Jun Ye, Nelson Darkwah Oppong, Adam M. Kaufman,
• Abstract summary: We develop a family of multi-qubit Rydberg gates to generate Schr"odinger cat states of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger type with up to 9 optical clock qubits in a programmable atom array. In an atom-laser comparison at sufficiently short dark times, we demonstrate a fractional frequency instability below the standard quantum limit using GHZ states of up to 4 qubits. These results demonstrate key building blocks for approaching Heisenberg-limited scaling of optical atomic clock precision.
• Score: 3.476421900110317
• License:
• Abstract: Many-particle entanglement is a key resource for achieving the fundamental precision limits of a quantum sensor. Optical atomic clocks, the current state-of-the-art in frequency precision, are a rapidly emerging area of focus for entanglement-enhanced metrology. Augmenting tweezer-based clocks featuring microscopic control and detection with the high-fidelity entangling gates developed for atom-array information processing offers a promising route towards leveraging highly entangled quantum states for improved optical clocks. Here we develop and employ a family of multi-qubit Rydberg gates to generate Schr\"odinger cat states of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) type with up to 9 optical clock qubits in a programmable atom array. In an atom-laser comparison at sufficiently short dark times, we demonstrate a fractional frequency instability below the standard quantum limit using GHZ states of up to 4 qubits. However, due to their reduced dynamic range, GHZ states of a single size fail to improve the achievable clock precision at the optimal dark time compared to unentangled atoms. Towards overcoming this hurdle, we simultaneously prepare a cascade of varying-size GHZ states to perform unambiguous phase estimation over an extended interval. These results demonstrate key building blocks for approaching Heisenberg-limited scaling of optical atomic clock precision.

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